Video guide · Updated November 8, 2026

Yellow leaves, rust spots, burnt edges. The pattern tells a story. In this video, I put my own grow footage beside a controlled nutrient-deficiency study so you can see what changes, how it progresses and what I use to correct it.

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First, check your runoff

If the pH is outside your medium’s range, or nutrient levels are too high or low, that is where I start. Take a runoff reading before changing the feed. It helps separate an actual shortage from nutrients the roots cannot take up.

Runoff collecting below a fabric pot in Rob’s deficiency videoWhy I test runoff first1:17 to 1:39 · 22 seconds

NNitrogen deficiency

Lower leaves turn yellow first

Nitrogen is mobile. When supply runs short, the plant moves it out of older leaves to support the top. In the video, the lower canopy yellows first while newer leaves stay greener. As it progresses, that yellowing works its way up.

My fix

Once my runoff check points to a nitrogen shortage, my quick fix is FloraMicro. The bottle shown is 5-0-1, so nitrogen is its main NPK contribution. The clip below shows exactly what I use.

Rob showing the FloraMicro 5-0-1 bottle in his nitrogen correction segmentMy nitrogen fix: FloraMicro2:55 to 3:12 · 17 seconds

Flora MicroFlora MicroThis is the best quick fix for Nitrogen deficiency and all Micro Nutrient flaws.View product

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PPhosphorus deficiency

Dark patches, then dry, curling leaves

Early phosphorus symptoms can resemble calcium problems. The later pattern I look for is the dark, stain-like patching shown here. In the video, those patches spread until the affected leaves become dry and curl upward.

My fix

For an actual phosphorus shortage, Dyna-Gro is the correction I show, along with phosphate amendments as another option. Recheck the finished solution’s pH after mixing.

Dyna-Gro Grow bottle shown during the phosphorus correction segmentMy phosphorus fix: Dyna-Gro3:44 to 3:53 · 9 seconds

Dyna Grow GroDyna Grow GroThe best nutrient to attack (P)Phosphorous deficiency, but drops the pH significantly so make sure you pH balance with pH up or Silica. Remember, doodie stained leaves is fixed with P(for piss)View product

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KPotassium deficiency

Yellow or brown edges, greener centers

Look around the outside of the leaf. The tips and edges yellow or brown first, then the damage spreads inward. In the examples I show, the center stays green longer than the margins.

My fix

The video names FloraGro or TPS Signal as quick options. For an organic potassium source, I mention langbeinite. Pick the correction that fits your feed instead of adding all three.

TPS Signal bottle shown in Rob’s potassium correction segmentMy potassium fixes4:08 to 4:17 · 9 seconds

Flora GroFlora GroThe Best nutrient for K deficiency (That's Potassium). This is the quick fix and focus on the edges of the leaves and you know you got something going on.View product

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CaCalcium deficiency

Rust-colored spots

Calcium problems can overlap visually with phosphorus and potassium. The rust-colored spotting is what I focus on here, along with checking the newer growth. Watch the close-up and the whole-plant example together.

My fix

My correction is Cal-Mag, with one important detail from the video: do not overdo it. Excess calcium can interfere with potassium uptake and create another imbalance.

CALiMAGic bottle shown in the calcium correction segmentMy calcium fix: Cal-Mag4:44 to 4:52 · 8 seconds

General Hydroponics CALiMAGicGeneral Hydroponics CALiMAGicThe calcium and magnesium supplement I show in the video.View product

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MgMagnesium deficiency

Yellow stripes between greener veins

This is one of the easiest patterns for me to recognize. The leaf starts looking striped as the tissue between the veins yellows. In the later examples, those yellow areas turn brown and the plant becomes much paler.

My fix

The product I show is plain Epsom salt, or magnesium sulfate. It supplies both magnesium and sulfur. Measure the amount for your feed volume and account for what is already in the mix.

Plain Epsom salt magnesium sulfate shown in the magnesium correction segmentMy magnesium fix: Epsom salt5:08 to 5:18 · 10 seconds

Plain Epsom saltPlain Epsom saltMagnesium sulfate supplies both magnesium and sulfur.View product

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SSulfur deficiency

A pale, lime-green plant

The giveaway in my example is the plant’s overall lime-green appearance. Sulfur is an essential nutrient used in smaller amounts, and this clip lets you compare the whole plant with the study’s leaf progression.

My fix

Magnesium sulfate supplies sulfur too, which is why Epsom salt appears again here. Treat it as one addition supplying two nutrients, not a separate dose for each symptom.

Sulfur omission study figure visible during Rob’s sulfur correction explanationMy sulfur correction5:36 to 5:43 · 7 seconds

Plain Epsom saltPlain Epsom saltMagnesium sulfate supplies both magnesium and sulfur.View product

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FeIron comparison

The subtle result in this study

Four study photographs shown in the video’s iron omission discussionWatch iron: symptoms and comparison6:00 to 6:17 · 17 seconds

Study image shown in my video: Llewellyn et al., 2023, CC BY 4.0. See sources below.

The iron example is much less dramatic than the nitrogen or magnesium examples. I point out slight visible changes, while most of the leaf remains intact. In this flowering trial, iron omission did not produce a significant drop in floral yield.

What I use

For trace-element coverage, I show Grow Big, FloraMicro and Dyna-Gro. The shared clip below explains the iron and manganese already supplied by these feeds.

Complete nutrient bottle shown during the shared iron and manganese explanationIron and manganese: the feeds I show6:29 to 6:46 · 17 seconds

Flora MicroFlora MicroThis is the best quick fix for Nitrogen deficiency and all Micro Nutrient flaws.View product

Dyna Grow GroDyna Grow GroThe best nutrient to attack (P)Phosphorous deficiency, but drops the pH significantly so make sure you pH balance with pH up or Silica. Remember, doodie stained leaves is fixed with P(for piss)View product

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MnManganese comparison

Compare it directly with the control

Study photographs labeled manganese-deficient and control, shown side by side in the videoWatch manganese: symptoms and comparison6:17 to 6:29 · 12 seconds

Study image shown in my video: Llewellyn et al., 2023, CC BY 4.0. See sources below.

Side by side, the manganese-omission plant and the normally fed control look very similar. That is the result worth showing here. The study found no clear visible manganese-deficiency symptoms during this trial; nutrients carried over from veg may help explain it.

What I use

My approach in the video is to cover these small trace-element needs through the base nutrients I already use. Here is the exact shared explanation, without replaying the earlier deficiencies.

Complete nutrient bottle shown during the shared iron and manganese explanationIron and manganese: the feeds I show6:29 to 6:46 · 17 seconds

Flora MicroFlora MicroThis is the best quick fix for Nitrogen deficiency and all Micro Nutrient flaws.View product

Dyna Grow GroDyna Grow GroThe best nutrient to attack (P)Phosphorous deficiency, but drops the pH significantly so make sure you pH balance with pH up or Silica. Remember, doodie stained leaves is fixed with P(for piss)View product

Affiliate disclosure: HWGrow may earn a commission from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to you.

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Watch the new growth

Feeding habits matter too. A plant that dries out too far can show damage that resembles a deficiency. Once a leaf has brown, dead tissue, that part will not heal. Look for the damage to stop spreading and for healthier new growth.

I build prevention into the feed. Account for what is already in your medium, keep watering consistent and use the interactive cheat sheet to follow the grow week by week.

▶ Watch feeding habits and recovery · 6:46 to 7:24

Study, image credits and related guides

The study I walk through is Llewellyn, Golem, Jones and Zheng (2023), Foliar Symptomology, Nutrient Content, Yield, and Secondary Metabolite Variability of Cannabis Grown Hydroponically with Different Single-Element Nutrient Deficiencies. The researchers withheld one nutrient at a time during flowering and compared those plants with a normally fed control.

The symptom and product stills on this page are exact frames from my video, not generated examples. Research figures visible in the sulfur-fix, iron and manganese frames are from that paper, figures 7, 8 and 9, used under CC BY 4.0. Those frames retain the video’s crop and on-screen branding.

Additional reference: Cornell’s hemp nutrient-disorder diagnostic guide. For accurate readings, see meter calibration and storage and how I adjust pH.

Diagnostic tools

Digital pH and conductivity meter for diagnosing plant nutrient solutionsReliable pH and EC meterCheck the input and root-zone trend before treating a leaf pattern as proof that one nutrient is missing.View product

Apera pH calibration and storage kitApera pH calibration and storage kitpH 4.00, 7.00 and 10.01 buffers, plus 3M KCl storage solution and a CalPod holder to keep your pH meter calibrated and its probe properly stored.View product

Digital thermometer and hygrometer for checking cannabis conditionsThermometer and hygrometerHeat, humidity and root-zone stress can mimic or amplify nutrition problems, so verify the environment with the plant.View product

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